Introduction

In early July 2026, Pakistan entered the diplomatic arena of North Africa, quietly offering to mediate between Libya’s warring eastern and western factions. The two rival camps, backed by different foreign patrons, have been locked in a power struggle since the 2011 uprising that toppled Muammar Gaddafi. Islamabad’s involvement marks a notable shift, signalling the country’s desire to raise its international profile through constructive conflict resolution.

Developments in the Mediation Effort

According to sources, the Pakistani initiative began late last year after both Libyan sides formally requested external assistance. High‑level meetings have taken place, including a direct encounter between Pakistan’s army chief Asim Munir and General Saddam Haftar in Rawalpindi, followed by Haftar’s talks in Washington with U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio. The proposed “Libya Reunification Plan” outlines a 36‑month transitional power‑sharing arrangement under a Government of National Consensus, featuring Abdulhamid Dbeibah as prime minister and Saddam Haftar as chairman of a newly formed Presidential Council. While details remain fluid, the plan aims to balance the extensive oil holdings of Haftar’s forces with the internationally recognized government’s administrative authority.

International Context and Support

The United States has been actively pursuing a diplomatic solution in Libya, but analysts argue that its proposed framework remains loosely defined. Pakistan’s entry brings fresh momentum, especially given its recent role as a mediator between the U.S. and Iran. Saudi Arabia, a long‑standing partner of Pakistan, has also expressed support, seeing a unified Libya as beneficial for regional stability and its own strategic interests. Meanwhile, Qatar and Turkey, key backers of the western Government of National Unity, have encouraged Pakistan’s involvement, hoping the new mediator can bridge gaps where other regional players have fallen short.

Outlook and Challenges

Despite enthusiasm, significant hurdles remain. The proposed arrangement must reconcile divergent foreign patron interests, resolve disputes over election rules, and fairly allocate oil revenue—issues that have historically derailed unification attempts. Moreover, the peace process faces skepticism from analysts who point to recent regional agreements, such as the short‑lived deal between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, that collapsed within months. Nonetheless, Pakistani officials have signaled a commitment to keep the process alive, indicating an “active role” in ensuring the plan’s continuity.

Pakistan’s diplomatic foray into Libya reflects its broader ambition to be seen as a reliable broker in complex international conflicts. If successful, the mediation could not only bring Libya closer to lasting unity but also cement Islamabad’s status as a constructive player on the Mediterranean stage.